-
- TEA Information on Bacterial Meningitis
- What is meningitis?
- What are the symptons?
- How serious is bacterial
meningitis?
- How can bacterial
meningitis be prevented?
- What is the risk
of getting bacterial meningitis?
- How is bacterial
meningitis diagnosed?
- What should you
do if you think yur or a friend might have bacterial meningitis?
- How is bacterial
meningitis spread?
- For more information
-
- 1. What
is meningitis? Meningitis is an inflammation
of the covering of the brain and spinal cord---also called the
meninges. It can be caused by viruses, parasites, fungi, and
bacteria. Viral (aseptic) meningitis is common; most people recover
fully. Medical management of viral meningitis consists of supportive
treatment and there is usually no indication for the use of antibiotics.
Parasitic and fungal meningitis are very rare. Bacterial meningitis
is very serious and may involve complicated medical, surgical,
pharmaceutical, and life support management.
-
- There are two common types of bacteria that
cause meningitis:
- * Strep pneumoniae causes pneumococcal meningitis;
there are over 80 subtypes that cause illness
- * Neisseria meningitidis-meningococcal meningitis;
there are 5 subtypes that cause serious illness-A, B, C, Y, W-135
- 2. What
are the symptoms? Someone with meningitis
will become very ill. The illness may develop over one or two
days, but it can also rapidly progress in a matter of hours.
Not everyone with meningitis will have the same symptoms.
- Children (over 1 year old) and adults with
meningitis may have:
- * Severe headache
- * High temperature
- * Vomiting
- * Sensitivity to bright lights
- * Neck stiffness, joint pains
- * Drowsiness or confusion
- ***In both
children and adults, there may be a rash of tiny, red-purple
spots or bruises caused by bleeding under the skin. These can
occur anywhere on the body. This is also a sign of blood poisoning
(septicemia), which sometimes happens with meningitis, particularly
the meningococcal strain.
- 3. How
serlous is bacterial meningitis?
- If it is diagnosed early and treated promptly,
the majority of people make a complete recovery. In some cases
it can be fatal or a person may be left with a permanent disability,
such as deafness, blindness, amputations or brain damage (resulting
in mental retardation or paralysis) even with prompt treatment.
- 4. How
is bacterial meningitis spread?
- Fortunately, none of the bacteria that cause
meningitis are as contagious as diseases like the common cold
or the flu, and they are not spread by casual contact or by simply
breathing the air where a person with meningitis has been. The
germs live naturally in the back of our noses and throats, but
they do not live for long outside the body. They are spread when
people exchange saliva (such as by kissing, sharing drinking
containers, utensils, or cigarettes).
- The germ does not cause meningitis in most
people. Instead, most people become carriers of the germ for
days, weeks or even months. Being a carrier helps to stimulate
your body's natural defense system. This bacterium rarely overcomes
the body's immune system and causes menlngitis or another serious
illness.
- 5. What
is the rlsk of getting bacterlal meningitis?
- The risk of getting bacterial meningitis
in all age groups is about 2.4 cases per 100,000 population per
year. However, the highest risk group for the most serious form
of the disease, meningococcal meningitis, is highest among children
2 to 18 years old.
- 6. How
is bacterlal meningitis diagnosed?
- The diagnosis is usually based on a combination
of clinical symptoms and laboratory results from spinal fluid
and blood. Spinal fluid is obtained by a lumbar puncture (spinal
tap).
- 7. How
can bacterlal meningitis be prevented?
- Do not share food, drinks, utensils, toothbrushes,
or cigarettes. Limit the number of persons you kiss.
-
- Vaccines against pneumococcal disease are
recommended both for young children and adults over 64. A vaccine
against four meningococcal serogroups (A, C, Y, W-135) is available.
These four groups cause the majority of meningococcal cases in
the United States. This vaccine is recommended by some groups
for college students, particularly freshmen living in dorms or
residence halls. The vaccine is safe and effective (85-90%).
It can cause mild side effects, such as redness and pain at the
injection site lasting up to two days. Immunity develops within
7 to 10 days after the vaccine is given and lasts for up to 5
years.
- 8. What
should you do if you think you or a friend might have bacterial
meningitis?
- Seek prompt medical attention.
- 9. For
more information
- Your family doctor, school nurse and the
staff at your local or regional health department office are
excellent sources for information on all communicable diseases.
You may also call your local health department or Regional Texas
Department of Health office to ask about meningococcal vaccine.
Additional information may also be found at the web sites for
the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: www.cdc.gov
and the Texas Department of Health: www.tdh.state.tx.us.
|